struts2.01学习笔记!

先按照文档，做一次：

1，建立WEB.XML：

<!-- 段洪杰 -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app>

    <display-name>Struts Blank</display-name>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

文档中有一个org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher的filter
还有org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

2.建SPRING的BEAN配置文件：applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans default-autowire="autodetect">
    <!-- add your spring beans here -->
</beans>

3.建struts配置文件：

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <include file="example.xml"/>

    <!-- Add packages here -->

</struts>

演示了一下配置文件分块的方法，下面这个才起作用：

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <package name="example" namespace="/example" extends="struts-default">

        <action name="HelloWorld" class="example.HelloWorld">
            <result>/example/HelloWorld.jsp</result>
        </action>

        <action name="Login!*" method="{1}" class="example.Login">
            <result name="input">/example/Login.jsp</result>
            <result type="redirect-action">Menu</result>
        </action>

        <action name="*" class="example.ExampleSupport">
            <result>/example/{1}.jsp</result>
        </action>

        <!-- Add actions here -->
    </package>
</struts>

4，录入验证：Login-validation.xml
这个很象struts1.x

<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
        "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">

<validators>
    <field name="username">
        <field-validator type="requiredstring">
            <message key="requiredstring"/>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
    <field name="password">
        <field-validator type="requiredstring">
            <message key="requiredstring"/>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>

5.建立资源文件package.properties，这个也很象struts1.x

HelloWorld.message= Struts is up and running ...
requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required.
password = Password
username = User Name
Missing.message =  This feature is under construction. Please try again in the next interation.

6.搞个action类，和WW2一模一样：

package example;

public class Login extends ExampleSupport {

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        if (isInvalid(getUsername())) return INPUT;

        if (isInvalid(getPassword())) return INPUT;

        return SUCCESS;
    }

    private boolean isInvalid(String value) {
        return (value == null || value.length() == 0);
    }

    private String username;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    private String password;

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

}

7.搞个helloworld类，也和WW2一样：
这里调用了资源文件中的 message, 这里比struts1.X类似功能要直接，会好用一些

package example;

/**
 * <code>Set welcome message.</code>
 */
public class HelloWorld extends ExampleSupport {

    public String execute() throws Exception {
        setMessage(getText(MESSAGE));
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    /**
     * Provide default valuie for Message property.
     */
    public static final String MESSAGE = "HelloWorld.message";

    /**
     * Field for Message property.
     */
    private String message;

    /**
     * Return Message property.
     *
     * @return Message property
     */
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    /**
     * Set Message property.
     *
     * @param message Text to display on HelloWorld page.
     */
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

8。搞个父类出来，这里只是演示用，所以空的

ExampleSupport.java

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**
 * Base Action class for the Tutorial package.
 */
public class ExampleSupport extends ActionSupport {
}

9。可以测试一下了：

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

public class LoginTest extends ConfigTest {

    public void FIXME_testLoginConfig() throws Exception {
        ActionConfig config = assertClass("example", "Login!input", "example.Login");
        assertResult(config, ActionSupport.SUCCESS, "Menu");
        assertResult(config, ActionSupport.INPUT, "/example/Login.jsp");
    }

    public void testLoginSubmit() throws Exception {
        Login login = new Login();
        login.setUsername("username");
        login.setPassword("password");
        String result = login.execute();
        assertSuccess(result);
    }

    // Needs access to an envinronment that includes validators
    public void FIXME_testLoginSubmitInput() throws Exception {
        Login login = new Login();
        String result = login.execute();
        assertInput(result);
        Map errors = assertFieldErrors(login);
        assertFieldError(errors,"username","Username is required.");
        assertFieldError(errors,"password","Password is required.");
    }

}

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

public class HelloWorldTest extends TestCase {

    public void testHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        HelloWorld hello_world = new HelloWorld();
        String result = hello_world.execute();
        assertTrue("Expected a success result!",
                ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));
        assertTrue("Expected the default message!",
                hello_world.getText(HelloWorld.MESSAGE).equals(hello_world.getMessage()));
    }
}

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.RuntimeConfiguration;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ResultConfig;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;

public class ConfigTest extends StrutsTestCase {

    protected void assertSuccess(String result) throws Exception {
        assertTrue("Expected a success result!",
                ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));
    }

    protected void assertInput(String result) throws Exception {
        assertTrue("Expected an input result!",
                ActionSupport.INPUT.equals(result));
    }

    protected Map assertFieldErrors(ActionSupport action) throws Exception {
        assertTrue(action.hasFieldErrors());
        return action.getFieldErrors();
    }

    protected void assertFieldError(Map field_errors, String field_name, String error_message) {

        List errors = (List) field_errors.get(field_name);
        assertNotNull("Expected errors for " + field_name, errors);
        assertTrue("Expected errors for " + field_name, errors.size()>0);
        // TODO: Should be a loop
        assertEquals(error_message,errors.get(0));

    }

    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        XmlConfigurationProvider c = new XmlConfigurationProvider("struts.xml");
        configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(c);
        configurationManager.reload();
    }

    protected ActionConfig assertClass(String namespace, String action_name, String class_name) {
        RuntimeConfiguration configuration = configurationManager.getConfiguration().getRuntimeConfiguration();
        ActionConfig config = configuration.getActionConfig(namespace, action_name);
        assertNotNull("Mssing action", config);
        assertTrue("Wrong class name: [" + config.getClassName() + "]",
                class_name.equals(config.getClassName()));
        return config;
    }

    protected ActionConfig assertClass(String action_name, String class_name) {
        return assertClass("", action_name, class_name);
    }

    protected void assertResult(ActionConfig config, String result_name, String result_value) {
        Map results = config.getResults();
        ResultConfig result = (ResultConfig) results.get(result_name);
        Map params = result.getParams();
        String value = (String) params.get("actionName");
        if (value == null)
            value = (String) params.get("location");
        assertTrue("Wrong result value: [" + value + "]",
                result_value.equals(value));
    }

    public void testConfig() throws Exception {
        assertNotNull(configurationManager);
    }

}

哦，测试通过！

10。看看表示层是如何用的？
HelloWorld.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title><s:text name="HelloWorld.message"/></title>
</head>

<body>
<h2><s:property value="message"/></h2>

<h3>Languages</h3>
<ul>
    <li>
        <s:url id="url" action="HelloWorld">
            <s:param name="request_locale">en</s:param>
        </s:url>
        <s:a href="%{url}">English</s:a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <s:url id="url" action="HelloWorld">
            <s:param name="request_locale">es</s:param>
        </s:url>
        <s:a href="%{url}">Espanol</s:a>
    </li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>

Login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Sign On</title>
</head>

<body>
<s:form action="Login">
    <s:textfield label="%{getText('username')}" name="username"/>
    <s:password label="%{getText('password')}" name="password" />
    <s:submit/>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>

恭喜你！ 现在您现在已经可以用STRUTS2进行开发了！

好人啊

用习惯了struts1.x的，有几点要注意：

在ACTION中调用资源为：
public static final String MESSAGE = "HelloWorld.message";

在网页中为：<s:text name="HelloWorld.message"/>

在网页中引用从ACTION中返回的变量为：<h2><s:property value="message"/></h2>

实在没看出和Webwork的差别，除了包名。

最重要的拦截器和OGNL都没有提到，这个sample还不够完整啊。

小声问一句，
执行HelloWorldTest时
我用的都是struts2.0.1中的jar包啊
java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: com/opensymphony/xwork2/ActionSupport (Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:539)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:123)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:251)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:55)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:194)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:187)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:289)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:274)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:235)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:302)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:539)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:123)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:251)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:55)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:194)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:187)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:289)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:274)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:235)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:302)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:539)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:123)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:251)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:55)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:194)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:187)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:289)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:274)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:235)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:302)
at example.HelloWorldTest.testHelloWorld(HelloWorldTest.java:10)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:324)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:154)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:127)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:118)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:208)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:203)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:421)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:305)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:186)

你是不是用的1。4的jdk

是1.4的JDK,难道必须用1.5吗？

配置.action几乎跟webwork一样.

Struts2==webwork3

不知道没有用过struct 和 webwork。 但是你的错误很明显是因为这个。